男子女性型乳房 is swelling of the breast gland tissue in boys or men, caused by an imbalance of the hormones estrogen and testosterone. 男子女性型乳房 is benign, or not cancerous.
男子女性型乳房 can affect one or both breasts, sometimes unevenly. 新生儿, boys going through puberty and older men may develop gynecomastia as a result of normal changes in hormone levels, 尽管其他原因也存在.
An accumulation of excess fat can occur in men who are overweight, 但这不是男性乳房发育症, which is specific to breast gland tissue.
男性乳房发育症可能会自行消失. If symptoms persist, medication or surgery may help.
原因
男子女性型乳房 is triggered by a decrease in the amount of the hormone testosterone compared with estrogen. 原因 are generally due to normal hormone changes in your body, medication or disease.
An imbalance in the hormones testosterone and estrogen can lead to gynecomastia. Most people think of estrogen as an exclusively female hormone, but men also produce estrogen – though normally in small quantities. 然而, male estrogen levels that are too high or are out of balance with testosterone levels can encourage breast tissue growth.
Several things can upset the hormone balance, including the following:
婴儿期, male babies can develop gynecomastia due to excess estrogen being transferred from their mothers. This condition will resolve itself soon after birth.
男子女性型乳房 caused by hormone changes during puberty is relatively common. 在大多数情况下, the swollen breast tissue will go away without treatment within six months to two years.
The prevalence of gynecomastia peaks again between the ages of 50 and 69. At least one in four men in this age group are affected.
某些药物, 比如心脏药物, 合成代谢类固醇, 大麻和酒精, can upset the hormone balance and lead to gynecomastia. Talk to your healthcare provider before discontinuing any medication.
Rarely, other disease or conditions may affect hormone levels and cause gynecomastia. Some examples include: genetic conditions; chronic diseases, especially kidney and liver disease; and tumors in the testes or adrenal glands.
症状
男子女性型乳房 usually appears as a rubbery or firm mass of tissue, starting beneath the nipple and spreading outward. 双乳通常都会受到影响, 但并不总是以同样的方式, and some patients experience symptoms in only one breast.
- Contact your healthcare provider if you experience:
- 乳腺组织肿胀
- 疼痛
- 乳房胀痛
- 单侧或双侧乳房乳头溢液
男子女性型乳房 is very common − affecting more than half of healthy males during puberty and about one-third of older men. 尽管如此, gynecomastia can cause embarrassment and anxiety − resulting in stress about daily activities and seeking treatment.
诊断 & 测试
男子女性型乳房 will first be evaluated through a physical exam, 包括乳房组织, 腹部和生殖器, and medical history questions from your healthcare provider.
Additional testing may be needed to determine the cause of the your gynecomastia. 测试可能包括:
- 血液测试来评估激素水平, look for cancer markers and check for abnormal organ function
- Imaging, including mammogram, ultrasound or MRI
- Biopsy to test a tissue sample of any abnormal lumps
治疗
There are three main ways to treat gynecomastia: observation, medication and surgery. 治疗s depends on a number of factors, and your healthcare provider will discuss with you the best options for you.
- Observation − Most cases of gynecomastia will resolve on their own given time. Careful monitoring of symptoms is appropriate for many patients.
- Medication − The goal of treating gynecomastia with medication is returning the ratio of estrogen to testosterone back to normal.
- Surgery − If a case of gynecomastia is not going away on its own or responding to medication, 手术可能是一种选择. Surgical treatment involves removal of excess breast tissue.
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